Korean reference
참다
chamda
to bear; to hold back; to endure
Regular · 24 form tables
Includes verbs and adjectives. Rows show speech levels and constructions, rather than personal pronouns. Honorific forms refer to a respected subject.
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Tense
Present
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| 해요체, everyday polite level | chamayobear |
| 합니다체, formal polite level | chamseumnidabear |
| 해체, casual level | chamabear |
| 한다체, plain written level | chamneundabear |
Past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| 해요체, everyday polite level | chamasseoyobore |
| 합니다체, formal polite level | chamatseumnidabore |
| 해체, casual level | chamasseobore |
| 한다체, plain written level | chamatdabore |
Future
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| 해요체, everyday polite level | chameul geoyeyowill bear |
| 합니다체, formal polite level | chameul geomnidawill bear |
| 해체, casual level | chameul geoyawill bear |
| 한다체, plain written level | chameul geosidawill bear |
Intention / conjecture
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| 해요체, everyday polite level | chamgesseoyowill probably bear |
| 합니다체, formal polite level | chamgetseumnidawill probably bear |
| 해체, casual level | chamgesseowill probably bear |
| 한다체, plain written level | chamgetdawill probably bear |
Progressive
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| 해요체, everyday polite level | chamgo isseoyobe bearing |
| 합니다체, formal polite level | chamgo itseumnidabe bearing |
| 해체, casual level | chamgo isseobe bearing |
| 한다체, plain written level | chamgo itdabe bearing |
Negative
Short negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| 해요체, everyday polite level | an chamayodo not bear |
| 합니다체, formal polite level | an chamseumnidado not bear |
| 해체, casual level | an chamado not bear |
| 한다체, plain written level | an chamneundado not bear |
Long negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| 해요체, everyday polite level | chamji anayodo not bear |
| 합니다체, formal polite level | chamji anseumnidado not bear |
| 해체, casual level | chamji anado not bear |
| 한다체, plain written level | chamji anneundado not bear |
Endings
Honorific
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| 해요체, everyday polite level | chameuseyohe/she bears (honorific) |
| 합니다체, formal polite level | chameusimnidahe/she bears (honorific) |
| 해체, casual level | chameusyeohe/she bears (honorific) |
| 한다체, plain written level | chameusindahe/she bears (honorific) |
Wish
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| 해요체, everyday polite level | chamgo sipeoyoI want to bear |
| 합니다체, formal polite level | chamgo sipseumnidaI want to bear |
| 해체, casual level | chamgo sipeoI want to bear |
| 한다체, plain written level | chamgo sipdaI want to bear |
Question
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| 해요체, everyday polite level | chamayo?do you bear? |
| 합니다체, formal polite level | chamseumnikka?do you bear? |
| 해체, casual level | chama?do you bear? |
| 한다체, plain written level | chamni?do you bear? |
Past question
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| 해요체, everyday polite level | chamasseoyo?did you bear? |
| 합니다체, formal polite level | chamatseumnikka?did you bear? |
| 해체, casual level | chamasseo?did you bear? |
| 한다체, plain written level | chamanni?did you bear? |
Request
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| 해요체, everyday polite level | chameuseyobear! |
| 합니다체, formal polite level | chameusipsiobear! |
| 해체, casual level | chamabear! |
| 한다체, plain written level | chamarabear! |
Proposal
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| 해요체, everyday polite level | chamayolet's bear! |
| 합니다체, formal polite level | chameupsidalet's bear! |
| 해체, casual level | chamjalet's bear! |
| 한다체, plain written level | chamjalet's bear! |
Promise
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| 해요체, everyday polite level | chameulgeyoI will bear |
| 해체, casual level | chameulgeI will bear |
Shall I?
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| 해요체, everyday polite level | chameulkkayo?shall I bear? |
| 해체, casual level | chameulkka?shall I bear? |
Linking
And
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Connecting / modifying form | chamgoI bear, and |
And so / because
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Connecting / modifying form | chamaseobecause I bear |
If
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Connecting / modifying form | chameumyeonif you bear |
But
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Connecting / modifying form | chamjimanI bear, but |
Because
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Connecting / modifying form | chameunikkabecause I bear |
Background
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Connecting / modifying form | chamneundeI bear (background) |
Modifier
Present noun modifier
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Connecting / modifying form | chamneunbear (before a noun) |
Past noun modifier
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Connecting / modifying form | chameunbore (before a noun) |
Future noun modifier
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Connecting / modifying form | chameulwill bear (before a noun) |
Additional forms
Additional honorific forms
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Saying it happened (았/었) | chameusyeosseoyohe/she bore (honorific) |
Forms from the Loquus reference. Only supplied forms are shown. Browse all Korean entries.